Exercise - Day 21

I was out of office for most of yesterday afternoon running errands here, there and everywhere so hitting my 10k step count for the day was easy and passed with no real effort.

So after work last night there was no real need for me to go out for a walk, or was there?

Sat on the bed reading my fitness app stats for the day i could see i had indeed hit 10,000 steps but my activity minutes were very low for the day, below the 30 minutes of light to moderate activity per day recommended by The American Heart Institution.

How does my app know that i have not completed enough activity minutes for the day? By measuring Metabolic Equivalents (METs)...

What are METs?

A MET is a unit representing the amount of oxygen used by the body during any physical activity, 1 MET is equal to the amount of oxygen used by the body whilst in a sedentary state of lying in bed and surviving for 1 hour, to calculate how many calories burned by 1 MET we have to go back to my blog Meals - Day 9 and calculate our Basel Metabolic Rate (BMR).

My BMR as i am right now is 2991.51 per day and to find my BMR per hour i divide that figure by 24 hours

2991.51/24 = BMR 124.65p/h

So with a sedentary MET of 1 the amount of calories i burn per hour being alive and doing not much else are 124.65 calories.

For me to work out my BMR per minute i divide BMR p/h by 60 minutes:

124.64/60 = BMR 2.08p/min

I now know i burn 2.08 calories per minute in a sedentary state.

So now i go about my daily business of getting dressed, brushing my teeth, commuting, working, walking etc i move out of sedentary and into categories such as:

Light intensity activities.
Moderate intensity activities.
Vigorous intensity activities.

Luckily for us Dr Bill Haskell from Stanford University in the USA devised a basic chart which shows the various METs and to which activity they are associated with:

Light intensity activities such as;
Sleeping: 0.9
Watching television: 1.0
Writing, desk work, typing: 1.8
Walking, 2.7km/h on level ground, strolling, very slow: 2.3
Walking, 4km/h: 2.9

Moderate intensity activities;
Bicycling, stationary, 50 watts, very light effort: 3.0
Walking, 4.8km/h: 3.0
Calisthenics, home exercise, light or moderate effort: 3.5
Walking, 5.5km/h: 3.6
Bicycling, 16km/h, leisure, to work as pleasure: 4.0
Bicycling, stationary, 100 watts, light effort: 5.5

Vigorous intensity activities;
Jogging, general: 7.0
Calisthenics (e.g. push ups, sit ups, pull ups, jumping jacks), heavy, vigorous effort: 8.0
Running jogging, in place: 8.0
Rope jumping: 10.0

There are many other categories from ironing clothes to mountaineering, gardening to deep sea diving, use a search engine and search for "The Compendium of Physical Activities Guide" for an extensive .pdf file available for download.

So how many calories am i burning when completing tasks or exercises on the activities guide? I multiply my BMR/min by the minutes i spend in the activity zones for example if i was to walk for 30 minutes at a consistent speed of 4.8km/h i would calculate my calorie burn as follows:

(2.08 BMR/min x 3.0 MET) x 30min = 187 calories burned per 30 minutes of walking.

Back to the matter in hand, my activity minutes, i could see i was 17 minutes short at 1800 hours last night, so i went out took a good 30 minute walk with Ryan, i even did a bit of running!!! (a very small bit mind!), i'll save that story for another day.

Exercise - Day 17

What is BMI?

It was pointed out to me yesterday that i am mis-representing BMI as a % when in fact it is a number, so never one to take an individuals word for it i did a bit of research and i think i have got to the bottom of it now.

The Body Mass Index (BMI) and its equation was the brainchild of a Belgian social physicist Adolphe Quetelet who in 1835 published a book titled in English as 'Treatise on Man' which explained his take on a type of social physics regarding what he thought to be the average man, by using various statistical data and equations Adolphe was able to explain that variables linked to social factors contributed to crime, marriage and suicide rates, his research led him to the conclusion that a population produces enough variables for both artificial selection (selective breeding) and natural selection to occur side by side.

BMI a simple means of classifying a persons weight relative to an ideal weight for their height was originally intended to be used as a measure of a populations overall risk of health problems due to weight gain or loss.  Now used in individual cases BMI gives us a fair indication of the thickness or thinness of a person compared to the national average of sedentary persons who are considered to have an average body composition.  Once calculated BMI can be compared to a sliding scale of ratios which can give a person a rough idea of which health issues they may experience based on historical statistical data collected from others of similar height and weight.

The equation for calculating BMI is as follows:

Metric
(Weight kg/height m) / height m = BMI
Imperial
(Weight lb/height inches) / height inches x 703 = BMI

My metric equation looks like this:
(161.1/1.80) = 89.5
89.5/1.80 = a BMI of 49.72

My imperial equation looks like this:
(355.17/70.87) = 5.0116
5.0116/70.87 = 0.0707
0.0707x703 = a BMI of 49.70

Now as a western male i can compare my result to the data held by my local health authority of choice which in my case is the UK National Health Service (NHS), their ratios are as follows:

BMI score below 18.5 = underweight
BMI score between 18.5-24.9 = healthy weight
BMI score between 25-29.9 = overweight
BMI score between 30 and above = Obese

With a BMI of 49.7 i am classified as obese compared to normal height to weight ratio of what is considered the norm for people of a healthy weight.  Due to my classification falling above 25 i am statistically more at risk from developing heart related diseases, type II diabetes or experiencing a stroke.  A BMI below 18.5 could show signs of eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia.  In all ranges it is advised people eat a well balanced diet and partake in some form of exercise to maintain a healthy BMI between 18.5 and 24.9.

The one problem with BMI is the fact that the number does not take into account the physical composition of fat v muscle nor does it give us a clear indication of the norms within a certain age range or bone density therefore the results can be misleading in children, the elderly or athletes, to combat this there are many ways to calculate body fat some more accurate than others, from underwater weighing to the more modern techniques such as duel energy X-ray absorptiometry but not everyone has access to a science lab or can afford such procedures to be carried out, the US Navy has a system using logarithms which can determine a persons overall fat content determining the criteria for entry into the armed forces which uses measurements such as neck, waist, hip size but again to manually use the equation can be a bit taxing for us mere mortals, so for us we can stick to the following equation formulated by nutritionist Paul Deurenberg for calculating an estimated Body Fat Percentage (BF%):

Adult BF% = (1.2 x BMI) + (0.23 x Age) - (10.8 x sex) - 5.4
sex = 1 for males and 0 for females.

My equation looks like this:

(1.2 x 49.7) + (0.23 x 39) - (10.8 x 1) - 5.4

So my BF% is calculated as follows:

59.64 + 8.97 - 10.8 - 5.4 = 52.41

My calculated BF% is 52.41, now lets compare with data again collected from the my local health authority of choice the NHS:

Essential fat

• Women 10-13%
• Men 2-5%

Athletes

• Women 14-20%
• Men 6-13%

Fitness

• Women 21-24%
• Men 14-17%

Average 

• Women 25-31%
• Men 18-24%

Obese

• Women 32%+
• Men 25%+

Essential fat levels are the bare minimum we need to be at to not negativly impact our health but it is important to mention that athletes such as bodybuilders may compete at even lower ranges as recommended to them by certified personal trainers.  Female ranges are higher due to the effects of childbearing and other hormonal functions. 

Now i know where i need to be with my BMI and BF% and the person who corrected me yesterday on my reporting of BMI was indeed correct BMI is a number and BF is a percentage. 

So on that note exercise yesterday consisted of 14,778 steps from my daily routine, a lunch time walk and after work stroll with Ryan on his green machine (bicycle)

Once month one has been completed i am contemplating adding to my walks with some beginners aerobics combined with light weights, stay tuned...

Meals - Day 9

I freaked out yesterday afternoon, i was sat here feeling very light headed, washed out and couldn't concentrate.

I put these feelings down to the food addict in me screaming out for sugar but as i am eating a nutritious well balanced meal plan i decided to do a bit of digging on the internet, trying to correlate all the advice into one solid answer proved to be a bit difficult however i think i have a rough idea what is going on now.

It turns out i may have unintentionally put my body into starvation mode, in short i am consuming less calories than my body needs just to function properly and if this is the case my body is triggering defence mechanisms which will slow down my metabolism to make the most of the energy i am feeding it, meaning my weight loss is also slowed down, which is not good.

To calculate the amount of energy required for our bodies to go through the daily motions of just staying alive we need to know our Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), this figure is determined by height, weight, age, gender.  To calculate manually we can use the Harris-Benedict equation later revised by Roza and Shizgal as follows:

For men: BMR= 88.362+(13.397 x weight in kg)+(4.799 x height in cm)-(5.677 x age in years)

For women: BMR= 447.593+(9.247 x weight in kg)+(3.098 x height in cm)-(4.330 x age  in years)

So for me my equation looks like this:

BMR= 3220.91 - 221.40 = 2999.51 calories

2999.51 represents the amount of calories i need to be eating if i theoretically stayed in bed all day blinking, breathing, scratching and turning over.  But we don't do that on a daily basis so now we have the BMR we have to take into account the amount of energy we expend going about our daily routines of commuting, working, digesting food or exercising this is called the Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) to reach this figure we have to be honest with ourselves and pick from the list below and multiply our BMR by the number which follows our level of activity:

Sedentary (little or no exercise) 1.2

Lightly active (light exercise, doing sports 1-3 days a week) 1.375

Moderately active (sports/exercise 3-5 days per week) 1.55

Very active (intense sports 6 or 7 days per week) 1.725

Extra active (sports and exercise, physical job or hard training) 1.9

So if i take my previous level of activity prior to my move to a healthier lifestyle as sedentary my TDEE calculation looks like this:

2999.51 x 1.2 = 3599.41 calories which represents my TDEE.

Therefore to maintain my body weight of 162.4kg i need to eat 3599.41 calories a day and do little or no exercise for example walk to the car, go to the office, sit at my desk, walk back to my car, go home and couch potato all night but now i am walking 10,000 steps a day of which at least 4000 are in one go which is classed as exercise, i have increased my physical activity to lightly active so 3599.41 calories is not an accurate figure of my current lifestyle so i have to recalculate my TDEE as follows:

2999.51 x 1.375 = 4113.33 calories which represents my new TDEE, this is very accurate because my sports watch mentioned in a previous blog tells me that i burn between 4000 and 4500 calories a day.

I now know how many calories i need to be eating in order for me to stay at 162.4kg, go about my daily lightly active lifestyle, but i don't want to weigh 162.4kg i want to lose weight and do it in a responsible and safe way over a realistic period of time so i now have to create a calorie deficit meaning eating less calories than my maintenance level currently requires, some dietitians i have come across during my research recommend reducing your calorie intake by between 500 to a 1000 calories maximum per day, but this figure does not really take into account the overall meaning of healthy eating, sure i could reduce my intake from 4113.33 to 3133.33 calories which is ok because i am very heavy and have plenty of fat stores to keep me going but what if your TDEE is 2200 calories in this scenario reducing your calorie intake to 1200 calories per day can be very dangerous to your health and also negatively effect your metabolism for weight loss so i found this excellent guideline to follow when creating a calorie deficit which is based on your desired rate of weight loss showing the calorie deficit as % of your TDEE:

15-20% = conservative deficit

21-25% = moderate deficit

26-30% = aggressive deficit

31-40% = very aggressive deficit (risky)

41-50% = semi starvation/starvation (potentially dangerous & unhealthy if not monitored by a doctor)

Which brings me all the way back to my opening point because as it stands right now my figures look like this:

BMR = 2991.51 calories

TDEE = 4133.33 calories

Daily intake = 1700 calories

Calorie deficit = 2433.33 calories

Calorie deficit % = 58.87 which is in the semi starvation/starvation zone.

As i need to lose a lot of weight i can afford to be aggressive with my calorie deficit due to my size, so realistically my figures should look like this:

BMR = 2991.51 calories
TDEE = 4133.33 calories
Daily intake = 2893.34 calories
Calorie deficit = 1239.99 calories 

Calorie deficit % = 30%

Please note that as you lose weight or increase your daily activity levels or both you have to recalculate your daily intake of calories in order to maintain your set level of weight loss for example i will do this once a month on photo/measurements day.

Finally, from the figures above we can get a rough estimate of how long the weight loss will take if we stick to the deficit % we have chosen for ourselves which in my case is 30% as follows:

Goal weight = 85kg
Weight to be lost = 77.4kg
Calories to be burned 77.4kg x 7000 = 541800 calories (7000 calories = 1kg of fat weight)
Calorie deficit = 1239.99 per day
Calorie deficit = 8679.93 per week
Calories to be burned divided by weekly calorie deficit 541800/8679.93 = 62 weeks.

Just over a year to safely lose 77.4kg sounds about right and in accordance with what most dietitians advise about losing weight gradually to aid goal weight maintenance instead of crashing with a fad diet which is a difficult lifestyle to maintain once goal weight is achieved.

In closing it is obvious that i need to increase my calorie intake from 1770 calories per day in order to maximise my weight loss so over the course of the following month i will be gradually adding healthy options to my daily calorie intake and monitoring how i feel versus weight lost.

So without further ado yesterdays meals were as follows:

Breakfast: Blackberry smoothie.
Mid morning snack: Lean biltong plus a banana.
Lunch: Roasted butternut & halloumi salad.
Afternoon snack: Apple plus a peanut butter sandwich on low gi white bread.
Dinner: Grilled chicken fillet with stir fry vegetables and buckwheat noodles.
Dessert: Blueberry and pecan oatie.
Evening snack: Handful of salted peanuts.
Drinks: 3 litres of water, 2 coffees and 1 green tea.

Total calories: 2181 calories.

In the beginning there was a chubber.

I weigh 167kg, disgraceful i know,

It has taken some real dedication to eating to get this big, a lot of sitting down and plenty of late night snacking, I've eaten until full, bursting even and ate more on top of that.

I am the ripe old pre-nervous breakdown midlife crisis age of 39 now, 2 boys Ryan 4 and Ethan 6 months, married to Shannon and full of excuses.

No more eating junk

No more 2 sausage roll breakfasts washed down with a half litre coke.

No more fad Hollywood diets.

I am doing what we are already biologically programmed to do and that is basically not be greedy, apparently to maintain my weight right now i should consume over 3600 calories per day, wow that is hectic, the recommended amount for a normal mildly active male is 2200, i popped my stats into an online diet generator and apparently because i do zilch exercise, have a BMI of 50% (Ronaldo's is 10) and should weigh in around 85kg (what?) i need to consume no more than 1700 calories a day, so that's what i am going to do.

No more daft lo carb, high fat, lose a load of weight only to stop the eating plan and put it all back on again plus 10%.

No more boring boring egg breakfasts, mayo salads for lunch and a rack of lamb chops for dinner (fine though hey).

Nope i am going to follow the age old advice of, lo calorie coupled with portion control, plenty of water, five meals a day, proper breakfast and for now a wee bit of exercise, i am going to blog about how i get on, upload pics, at times talk rubbish, i will try to update as much as i can, any encouragement, support or even abuse will be much appreciated, we'll see how the blog develops, 12 months initially i will follow the eating/exercise plan, goals will be set, achieved and reset.... Here we go, fasten your seatbelts (tune) i'm on the blast pad, strapped in ready to tackle this mother head on, join me if you like....

Andrew